20 September, 2012

Indian PM ‘tragic figure’, govt deeply corrupt: US daily


New Delhi: After the Time magazine dubbed Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as an ‘underachiever’, influential US newspaper The Washington Post has tagged him as ‘a tragic figure’.

The government reacted testily and demanded an apology from The Washington Post.

In the story published with the headline ‘India’s silent prime minister becomes a tragic figure’, the newspaper has described 79-year-old Singh as someone who helped set India on the path to modernity, prosperity and power, but now is in danger of going down in history as a failure. 
Referring to the slew of corruption scandals that have surfaced during his tenure as PM, the daily opines that Manmohan Singh’s image of the scrupulously honorable, humble and intellectual technocrat has slowly given way to a completely different one: a dithering, ineffectual bureaucrat presiding over a deeply corrupt government.

The daily said that for the past two weeks, the Indian Parliament has been adjourned every day as the opposition demands Singh's resignation over allegations of waste and corruption in the allocation of coal mining concessions.

“The story of Singh’s dramatic fall from grace in his second term in office and the slow but steady tarnishing of his reputation has played out in parallel with his country’s decline on his watch. As India’s economy has slowed and as its reputation for rampant corruption has reasserted itself, the idea that the country was on an inexorable road to becoming a global power has increasingly come into question,” the paper said. 
greeing to political historian Ramachandra Guha’s assessment that Manmohan Singh has become a tragic figure in our history, the paper says that the irony is that Singh’s greatest selling points — his incorruptibility and economic experience — are the mirror image of his government’s greatest failings.

“Under Singh, economic reforms have stalled, growth has slowed sharply and the rupee has collapsed. But just as damaging to his reputation is the accusation that he looked the other way and remained silent as his cabinet colleagues filled their own pockets,” it added.

Detailing the history of his being anointed as Prime Minister, the paper says that Congress party led by Italian-born Sonia Gandhi had surprised many people by winning national elections that year, but she sprang an even bigger surprise by renouncing the top job and handing it to Singh.

“In him she saw not only the perfect figure­head for her government but also a man of unquestioning loyalty, party insiders say, someone she could both trust and control. From the start, it was clear that Sonia Gandhi held the real reins of power. The Gandhi family has ruled India for most of its post-independence history and enjoys an almost cultlike status within the Congress party. Sonia’s word was destined to remain law,” it said.

Under attack from a combative opposition over alleged corruption in the allocation of coal blocks and a spate of other scams, the government said it would seek an apology from the newspaper.

"How can a US daily take the matter such lightly and publish something about the prime minister of another country? I will speak to the Ministry of External Affairs and the government will seek an apology from the daily," Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni told reporters.

Soni termed the report by The Washington Post as a piece of "yellow journalism" and "baseless".

The Washington Post, meanwhile, denied it has offered an apology for the 
article.

Image:Facenfacts

Indian prime minister’s office responds to Washington Post’s profile on Manmohan Singh

The office of India’s prime minister objected to The Washington Post’s front-page article, published Sept. 5, 2012, on Manmohan Singh’s evolution as a leader.

The following is a letter from the Prime Minister’s office:

Dear Simon,
We do not complain about criticism of the government which is a journalist’s right. But I am writing this letter for pointing out unethical and unprofessional conduct at your part.

I would like to put on record my complaint about your article which was published today on many counts:

— Despite all lines of conversations open, you never got in touch with us for our side of the story though you regularly talk to me about information from the PMO. This story thus becomes totally one sided.

— You have been telling the media here in India that your request for an interview was declined though the mail below says clearly that the interview was declined “till the Monsoon Session” of the Parliament which gets over in two days.

— When I rang you up to point this out, you said sorry twice though you tell the media here that you never apologised.

— Your website where we could have posted a reply is still not working, 11 hours after you said sorry the third time for its inaccessibility.

— The former Media Adviser to the PM Dr Sanjaya Baru has complained that you “rehashed and used” an 8 month old quote from an Indian Magazine.
We expected better from the correspondent of the Washington Post for fair and unbiased reporting.

Without going into your one sided assessment of the Prime Minister’s performance, as comment is free in journalism, I hope you will carry this communication in full in your paper and your website so your readers can judge for themselves what is the truth.

Sincerely
Pankaj Pachauri
Communications Adviser to the Prime Minister’s Office
New Delhi - India

Below is a response to the letter from Simon Denyer, author of the article and our India bureau chief:

Thanks for your comments. I wanted to respond point-by-point:

— I requested an interview with the PM on three occasions, and also with T.K.A Nair, Advisor to the Prime Minister, and with Pulok Chatterji, Principal Secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office. Those requests were either ignored or declined.

— When I made my final request for an interview with the PM in July, I was told on July 30 “The PM has declined all interview requests till the Monsoon session is over.” At that stage the current session of parliament (known as the Monsoon session) of parliament had not even begun. There was no mention of the possibility of an interview afterwards. In any case my story touches on the fact that parliament has been adjourned every day throughout the current session by opposition calls for the PM to resign, which is a story I felt should be told, interview or not.

Indeed, we remain extremely interested in speaking to the prime minister.

— My apology was for the fact that the website was down and the PM’s office could not post a reply directly. As soon as the problem was fixed, I informed them. I stand by the story.

— I spoke to Dr Baru personally on the telephone during the reporting for the story. He confirmed that these sentiments were accurate.
Regards,

Simon Denyer

  
 

You Can Read the full article here

16 September, 2012

Why We're All Addicted to Texts, Twitter and Google


Do you ever feel like you are addicted to email or twitter or texting? Do you find it impossible to ignore your email if you see that there are messages in your inbox? Do you think that if you could ignore your incoming email or messages you might actually be able to get something done at work? You are right!
The culprit is dopamine — Dopamine was "discovered" in 1958 by Arvid Carlsson and Nils-Ake Hillarp at the National Heart Institute of Sweden. Dopamine is created in various parts of the brain and is critical in all sorts of brain functions, including thinking, moving, sleeping, mood, attention, motivation, seeking and reward.
Pleasure vs. seeking — You may have heard that dopamine controls the "pleasure" systems of the brain: that dopamine makes you feel enjoyment, pleasure, and therefore motivates you to seek out certain behaviors, such as food, sex, and drugs. Recent research is changing this view. Instead of dopamine causing you to experience pleasure, the latest research shows that dopamine causes seeking behavior. Dopamine causes you to want, desire, seek out, and search. It increases your general level of arousal and your goal-directed behavior. From an evolutionary stand-point this is critical. The dopamine seeking system keeps you motivated to move through your world, learn, and survive. It's not just about physical needs such as food, or sex, but also about abstract concepts. Dopamine makes you curious about ideas and fuels your searching for information. Research shows that it is the opioidsystem (separate from dopamine) that makes us feel pleasure.
Wanting vs. liking — According to researcher Kent Berridge, these two systems, the "wanting" (dopamine) and the "liking" (opioid) are complementary. The wanting system propels you to action and the liking system makes you feel satisfied and therefore pause your seeking. If your seeking isn't turned off at least for a little while, then you start to run in an endless loop. The dopamine system is stronger than the opioid system. You tend to seek more than you are satisfied. Evolution again  seeking is more likely to keep you alive than sitting around in a satisfied stupor. 
Dopamine loops — With the internet, twitter, and texting you now have almost instant gratification of your desire to seek. Want to talk to someone right away? Send a text and they respond in a few seconds. Want to look up some information? Just type your request into google. Want to see what your colleagues are up to? Go to Linked In. It's easy to get in a dopamine induced loop. Dopamine starts you seeking, then you get rewarded for the seeking which makes you seek more. It becomes harder and harder to stop looking at email, stop texting, or stop checking your cell phone to see if you have a message or a new text.
More, more, more — Interestingly brain scan research shows that the brain has more activity when people are ANTICIPATING a reward than getting one. Research on rats shows that if you destroy dopamine neurons, rats can walk, chew, and swallow, but will starve to death even when food is right next to them. They have lost the anticipation and desire to go get the food. Although wanting and liking are related, research also shows that the dopamine system doesn't have satiety built in. It is possible for the dopamine system to keep saying "more more more", causing you to keep seeking even when you have found the information. How many times have you searched for something on google, found the answer, and yet realize a half hour later that you are still online looking for more information?
Unpredictability is key — Dopamine is also stimulated by unpredictability. When something happens that is not exactly predictable, that stimulates the dopamine system. Our emails and twitters and texts show up, but you don't know exactly when they will, or who they will be from. It's unpredictable. This is exactly what stimulates the dopamine system. (For those of you reading this who are "old school" psychologists, you may remember "variable reinforcement schedules". Dopamine is involved in variable reinforcement schedules. Another reason these schedules are so powerful).
Pavlovian cues — The dopamine system is especially sensitive to "cues" that a reward is coming. If there is a small, specific cue that signifies that something is going to happen, that sets off our dopamine system. So when there is a sound when a text message or email arrives, or a visual cue, that enhances the addictive effect.
140 characters is even more addictive — And the dopamine system is most powerfully stimulated when the information coming in is small so that it doesn't full satisfy. A short text or twitter (can only be 140 characters!) is ideally suited to send your dopamine system raging.
Not without costs — This constant stimulation of the dopamine system can be exhausting. And the constant switching of attention makes it hard to get anything accomplished. Can you do anything to get out of a dopamine loop? Or prevent getting in one in the first place?
Turn off the cues — One of the most important things you can do to prevent or stop a dopamine loop, and be more productive is to turn off the cues. Adjust the settings on your cell phone and on your laptop, desktop or tablet so that you don't receive the automatic notifications. Automatic notifications are touted as wonderful features of hardware, software, and apps. But they are actually causing you to be like a rat in a cage. If you want to get work done you need to turn off as many auditory and visual cues as possible. It's the best way to prevent and break the dopamine loops.
What do you think? How do you deal with dopamine loops? Are you willing to turn off your cues?
Here's the research reference:
Kent C. Berridge and Terry E. Robinson, What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?: Brain Research Reviews, 28, 1998. 309–369.

This article has been taken from Psychologytoday

10 privacy settings every Facebook user must know


Though there are several security threats in using social networking sites, still people are amazingly crazy about it. These days FACEBOOK has become the most demanding site for almost every age people. By using Facebook privacy policy one can fine-tune the privacy of the photos, their status updates, and other stuffs. Even you can block people you don’t wanna be in touch with. Facebook’s privacy policy covers almost all the little issues of your account that matters to you. Facebook has its own default privacy settings for its users. But these are not just enough for every user & one may opt to make changes to it. To make you more secure here is my tips:

1. Profile editing: Editing the profile of your Facebook account is the most important thing, where you must know how to manage your personal information like your date of birth, your address, your contact number and stuff. These are the things which are needed to be made private. These issues are essential just to keep yourself away from strangers. So, in your privacy setting, select “friends” in place of public. This is a kind of primary precaution. Here you can also make your profile visible to some selected people & even you can restrict some particular people from viewing your profile contents.

2. Remove yourself from Facebook & Google search results: Most of us want keep our personal life secret due to various reasons. This above mentioned setting is very much useful to them. To make yourself unavailable in the Facebook search you have to go through the following path.
Privacy setting -> How you connect
There are several options available. You can manage them according to your wish. Some people enjoy when they find themselves searching in some search engines like Google, yahoo, Bing etc. But the fact is, sometimes it puts you in some kind of serious problems. So it is always a better option to make you unavailable in the search engines. This can be done by removing yourself from the index of the search engines. Do this by simply deselecting the box of Public search result. The path for this is given below.
Privacy setting ->Apps & websites-> Edit setting ->Public search-> Edit setting

3. Avoid the notorious photo tagging: Many times people get their relationships in some kind of problems just thanks  to the photos of Facebook they are tagged in. Here you may blame their trust on themselves but still this factor is harmful. Though there are several ways to overcome these factors but the simplest way is to avoid showing compromising photos to friends. The path is as follows.
                               Privacy setting -> custom->only me
Remember, this will block all people from viewing any images or videos that you’ve been tagged in. Many Facebook users want their friends to see the photos they’ve been tagged in though. 

4. Protect your personal album& existing photos: You should make your existing photos and albums private. You will never want to share your private photos with all the people, neither even with friends in some cases. So it’s an essential step to make those things private or available to only friends. You can even set privacy per album, which is great.

5. Restrict your apps to use your information: It’s important to understand what of your information applications can access. The more restrictive you make your profile settings, the less information that’s available to applications.

6. Make your contact private: Many people use Facebook for their professional as well as personal use.  When someone start approving friend requests from the people that he doesn’t have strong relationships with, then it becomes more important to limit the visibility of contact details immediately.

7. Avoid frustrating posts on your timeline: Sometimes what happens, after a long time when you come back to your room and check your Facebook account, hoping that there will be a funny comment on your wall to cheer you up, or a picture comment telling you how pretty you are or see a friend request?  But what you see is just weird. Another thing what happens; you just saw a post of your friend showing something exceptional or may be vulgar and when you tried to hide it just posted on your timeline. Try to avoid these types of issues.

8. Keep your friends’ list private: Some of us want to show others that they have huge number of friends or how famous they are but some just don’t. Those who don’t like to show their friend to others have a justified reason behind it. Because sometime what happens, one of your friend just opens your friend list and send friend request to someone anonymously, it may be your girlfriend’s name. To protect your friend list, the path is as follows,
Go to find friends -> Manage friend list -> Edit

9. Instant personalization: This is a service that lets third-party websites to personalize your experience, which is nice, but it also allows access to your personal data which is harmful.
It also let you see relevant information about your friends when you arrive on the partner websites. It is similar to how News feed surfaces the people and things you care about. Instant personalization helps you find friends and interesting content on other websites. They've partnered with a few companies, like Pandora, Bing, Yelp, Rotten Tomatoes, Clicker, Scribd, Docs &TripAdvisor, to make these sites more fun and useful the moment you arrive. They impress you by immediately playing the music you like or displaying friends' reviews or stuff.

10.  Enabling “HTTPS” or Secure browsing: Here you can set up secure browsing or login alerts. Secure browsing browse Facebook securely when possible. And it sends you a mail when you are logged in from a new computer or new computer device. When someone hacks into your account or data no privacy setting in this world can help or protect you. While enabling https service, you can make thing harder for someone connected to the same network to hack your password or data. “HTTPS” is useful to online security on all web services not just Facebook.

These are the important privacy policies that matters a lot while using Facebook. Keep these factors in mind while browsing FB and be secure.

14 September, 2012

Amazing:Virgin births discovered in wild snakes


A form of virgin birth has been found in wild vertebrates for the first time.
Researchers in the US caught pregnant females from two snake species and genetically analysed the litters.
That proved the North American pit vipers reproduced without a male, a phenomenon called facultative parthenogenesis that has previously been found only in captive species.
Scientists say the findings could change our understanding of animal reproduction and vertebrate evolution.
It was thought to be extremely rare for a normally sexual species to reproduce asexually.
First identified in domestic chickens, such "virgin births" have been reported in recent years in a few snake, shark, lizard and bird species.
Crucially though, all such virgin births have occurred in captivity, to females kept away from males.
Virgin births in vertebrates in general have been viewed as "evolutionary novelties", said Warren Booth, from the University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, US.
Professor Booth is lead author of a paper published in the Royal Society's Biological Letters that challenges this label.
He and his collaborators investigated virgin births in wild populations of two geographically separated and long-studied species of snake.
“Start Quote
The frequency is what really shocked us”
Dr Warren BoothUniversity of Tulsa
They captured pregnant copperhead and cottonmouth female pit-vipers from the field, where males were present.
The snakes gave birth, allowing the scientists to study the physical and genetic characteristics of the litters.
Of the 22 copperheads, the scientists found one female that must have had a virgin birth.
Another single virgin birth occurred within the 37 cottonmouth litters.
"I think the frequency is what really shocked us," said Prof Booth.
"That's between 2.5 and 5% of litters produced in these populations may be resulting from parthenogenesis.
"That's quite remarkable for something that has been considered an evolutionary novelty," he said.
Sex or no sex
A virgin birth, or parthenogenesis, is when an egg grows and develops without being fertilised by sperm.
It results in offspring that only have their mother's genetic material; no fatherly contribution is required.
This is not uncommon in invertebrates such as aphids, bees and ants.
It also happens in a few all-female species of lizard; geckos and whiptails for example. But here it occurs across a generation; all females reproduce asexually via a process called obligate parthenogenesis.
But asexual reproduction by a normally sexual vertebrate species is still rare, having been reported in under 0.1% of species.
It was only in the mid-1990s that virgin births began to be documented in captive snakes, followed by a captive giant lizard in 2006 and a captive shark in 2007.
All-female species, such as some whiptail lizards, reproduce asexually
To date this now includes around 10 species of snakes including a couple of boas, and a python, four species of shark, and several monitor lizards, including the endangered Komodo dragon.
Recently the zebra finch and Chinese painted quail were added to the list. All were kept in isolation in unnatural conditions and away from any males.
So to find asexual reproduction in two species of snake in the wild on their first attempt was "astounding", according to Prof Booth and his collaborators.
Virgin births should no longer be viewed as "some rare curiosity outside the mainstream of evolution," he said.
Evolutionary dead-end?
It remains unclear whether the female snakes actively select to reproduce this way, or whether the virgin births are triggered by some other factor, such as a virus or bacterial infection.
"Any answer is pure speculation at this point," says Prof Booth.
In captivity, two sharks, and three snakes, have been shown to have had multiple virgin births, producing more than one litter via facultative parthenogenesis.
As yet, it also remains unclear whether the offspring of these wild virgin births can themselves go on to have normal, or virgin births of their own.
In captive snakes studied so far, offspring have so far not been proved viable, that is capable of surviving and reproducing.
Cottonmouth pit vipers are capable of virgin births in the wild
However, earlier this year Prof Booth and colleagues reported that a checkered gartersnake that has had consecutive virgin births, appears to have produced viable male offspring.
Parthenogenicly born copperheads and cottonmouths are also currently being raised and "in the next two to three years we will know if they are indeed viable," said Prof Booth.
"If they cannot survive and reproduce, then this is a reproductive dead-end.
"However, if they are healthy and can reproduce, that opens an entirely new avenue for research," he said.
Being able to switch from sexual to asexual reproduction could be advantageous; in the absence of males a female could still give birth and start a new, albeit inbred, population.
Her genes could still be passed on via her fertile male offspring.
Scientists believe that facultative parthenogenesis is more common in some lineages such as reptiles and sharks.
However it is unlikely that similar virgin births will be found among placental mammals, which include all the mammals aside from the platypus and echidnas.
That is because mammals require a process called genomic imprinting to reproduce, where a set of genes from one parent dominates over the other. The interaction between the two sets of parental genes is required for embryos to develop normally.
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Single sex






These news has been taken from BBC